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Evans SM, Johanson CE. 
“Discriminative stimulus properties of ±-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and ±-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in pigeons”. 
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1986 Oct 20;18(2):159-64.
Abstract
Pigeons trained to discriminate +-amphetamine AMPH from saline in a two-key food-maintained drug discrimination paradigm, were used to investigate the discriminative stimulus DS effects of two structural analogues of amphetamine, namely ±-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA and ±-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine MDA. After discrimination performance was stable 90 injection-appropriate responding, test sessions with various doses of AMPH were conducted and a dose-dependent relationship for AMPH-appropriate responding was obtained. Both MDMA 3.0 mg/kg and MDA 3.0 or 5.6 mg/kg substituted for AMPH however, at these doses MDA produced a greater decrease in response rate compared to AMPH and MDMA. Furthermore, while MDMA and MDA were similar in potency in producing drug-appropriate responding, both were less potent than AMPH. These results indicate that MDMA and MDA have DS effects similar to AMPH in pigeons.
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