Psychoactives, War, and Covert Operations
Timeline
[ Back To Timeline ]
| 1963 |
| Newly-appointed CIA Inspector General John Earman urges CIA director John McCrone to close the Operation Midnight Climax safe houses. |
| Earman finds "the concepts involved in manipulating human behavior ... to be distasteful and unethical." He finds that numerous unwitting civilian subjects became ill for hours or days because of substances they were given, and notes that outside doctors should be discouraged from learning the real reasons of illness. Gottlieb's supervisor Richard Helms advocates for the continuance of Midnight Climax. McCrone takes no action and the safe houses remain operational. |
| References Marks J. The Search for the Manchurian Candidate. W. W. Norton & Co, 1979. |
[ Back To Timeline ]