DMT
Timeline
| Late 8th Century | Burial site in N. Chile includes bag with snuffing paraphernalia and snuff remnants containing DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and bufotenin. Other sites include seeds of Anadenanthera spp. | |
| 905–1170 | Ritual bundle found in a funerary site in SW Bolivia contains remnants of DMT, Harmine, Bufotenine, Cocaine, and possibly Psilocin, along with snuff tablets, a snuff tube, llama bone scrapers, and a head band. The find is notable because of the presence of a number of psychoactive chemicals, as well as the combined presence of DMT and Harmine. 1 [More Info] | |
| 1496 | Friar Ramon Pane documented the use of a psychoactive snuff called cohoba/yopo among the Taino who inhabited the island of Hispaniola Haiti/Dominican Republic. It is now agreed that cohoba/yopo was almost certainly made from Anadenanthera peregrina, which has been reported to contain N,N-DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and bufotenin. 2 [Details] | |
| 1560 | Indians along the Rio Guaviare in Colombia take yopo along with tobacco. | |
| 16th - 19th Century | Cohoba snuff from the yopo tree used by natives of Columbia and surrounding areas. | |
| 1571 | Incan medicine men make prophecies through inebriation brought about by drinking vilca, a DMT containing preparation of A. colubrina. | |
| 1741 | A Jesuit writes about cohoba use by the native people between Colombia and Venezuela. | |
| 1801 | Baron Alexander Humboldt identified the yopo tree as Anadenanthera peregrina | |
| 1931 | DMT first synthesized by British chemist Richard Manske and named "nigerine". | |
| 1939 | Virola genus identified as the source of a psychoactive snuff called epena used in Amazoniana Columbia, Venezuela and Western Brazil. | |
| 1955 | n,n-DMT is identified as one of the ingredients of the A. peregrina seeds used to make cohoba snuff. This marked the first time that n,n-DMT was discovered naturally occuring in a plant or animal. Authors speculate that it is psychoactive. 3 | |
| 1956 | First scientific publication verifying the psychoactive properties of DMT by Stephen Szara. 4 [Details] [More Info] | |
| Mar 1968 | U.S.: The Bureau of Drug Abuse Control notes in Microgram that DMT is available on the street, both as a powder, and "impregnated on marihuana and tea". 5 | |
| 1971 | N,N-DMT becomes illegal in the U.S. with the passage of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. |
References
- Miller M, Albarracin-Jordan J, et al. "Chemical evidence for the use of multiple psychotropic plants in a 1,000-year-old ritual bundle from South America". PNAS. May 6, 2019. [ Erowid Reference ]
- Ott J. Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines. Entheobotanica, 2001.
- Fish, et al. "Piptedenia alkaloids. Indole bases of P. peregrina". J American Chemical Society. 77:5892-5895. [Ott 2001].
- Szára, S. “Dimethyltryptamin: Its Metabolism in Man the Relation of its Psychotic Effect to the Serotonin Metabolism”. Experientia. 1956 November;12(11):441-2.
- Bureau of Drug Abuse Control. Micro-Gram. Mar 1968;1(6):2.