Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substance Act (CDSA) is the federal legislation that describes which chemicals and plants may not grow, manufacture, buy, sell, ingest, or possess. Further restrictions may apply in individual provinces.

A unanimous Supreme Court decision in 2011 declared that there is a right under Section 7 of the Charter to have access to clean injection sites, if they are available. See http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15130282, and http://scc.lexum.org/en/2011/2011scc44/2011scc44.html.